Nguyễn Thị Châu Giang was born in Hanoi on 21 August 1975. During her childhood, her family moved to live in Ho Chi Minh City. Châu Giang graduated from Ho Chi Minh City Fine Art University in 1998, where she specialised in oil painting. As a student, she spent time in the historical Diềm village in Bắc Ninh province to the east of Hanoi, which is considered a cradle of Vietnamese culture and tradition. Her experiences and encounters there, especially with the women elders, are often reflected in her work. In 2001, Châu Giang received a scholarship to undertake three months of postgraduate study at the École National Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

As well as being a renowned artist, Châu Giang is an accomplished writer and editor, with numerous published works. Her paintings are in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg in Russia, as well as The National Art Gallery, Singapore, and Châu Giang has taken part in numerous group and solo exhibitions in Vietnam and overseas.

Nguyễn Thị Châu Giang has become established as one of the most original young artists of her generation in Việt Nam. She is known for exploring issues of femininity, family and self, and often examines the changing roles of Vietnamese women in her work, juxtaposing traditional ideas and materials with contemporary subject matter.